Krull's principal ideal theorem

This article gives the statement and possibly, proof, of an implication relation between two commutative unital ring properties. That is, it states that every commutative unital ring satisfying the first commutative unital ring property must also satisfy the second commutative unital ring property
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This fact is an application of the following pivotal fact/result/idea: Nakayama's lemma
View other applications of Nakayama's lemma OR Read a survey article on applying Nakayama's lemma

Statement

Symbolic statement

Let $R$ be a Noetherian and $x\in R$. Let $P$ be a minimal element among prime ideals containing $x$. Then, the codimension of $P$ is at most 1.

Property-theoretic statement

The property of commutative unital rings of being a Noetherian ring is stronger than the property of being a ring satisfying PIT.

Generalizations

• Krull's height theorem: This is often also called the final version of the principal ideal theorem.
• Determinantal ideal theorem: This generalizes the principal ideal theorem to the ideal generated by the determinants of minors of a matrix

Proof

Starting assumptions

In the above setup, we show that if $Q$ is a prime ideal in $R$ contained inside $P$, then the codimension of $Q$, which is the same as the dimension of $R_Q$ is zero. This will show that the codimension of $P$ is at most 1. The crucial thing we shall use is that $x\notin Q$.

First note that we can replace $R$ by $R_P$, so we may assume that $P$ is a maximal ideal in $R$. We now begin the proof.

Argument setup

Since $P$ is minimal over $x$, we see that in the ring $R/(x)$, the ideal $P/(x)$ is a maximal ideal which is also a minimal prime ideal. Thus, $R/(x)$ is an Artinian ring.

Hence, in $R$, consider the descending chain $x+Q^{(n)}$, where $Q^{(n)}$ denotes the $n^{th}$ symbolic power of $Q$. This descending chain stabilizes, so we get:

$Q^{(n)}\subset (x)+Q^{(n+1)}$

In particular, we can find $f\in Q^{(n)}$ and $a\in R,g\in Q^{(n+1)}$ such that:

$f=ax+g$

This yields $ax\in Q^{(n)}$, so since $x\notin Q$, we get $a\in Q^{(n)}$

Nakayama's lemma

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